Authors and Creators
Erle Stanley Gardner
(1889-1970)
Also wrote as A.A. Fair, Carleton Kendrake, Charles J. Kenney, Charles M. Green

Although many critics felt that Erle Stanley Gardner was not a very good novelist (Rex Stout, for example, once claimed that the Perry Mason books weren't even novels!), Gardner was one of the best selling writers of all times, and certainly one of the best-selling mystery authors ever. He was best known for creating the world's most famous fictional lawyer, Perry Mason. If that were all he ever did, he'd probably still rank a bio on this site, given that Mason, in his earliest books, was little more than a private eye licensed to practise law. But he did more, much more...

Gardner was born in Massachusetts, but his father's job as a mining engineer took the family all over--sometimes as far as the Klondike. A bit of a roughneck as a lad, he was constantly getting into brawls. He once boasted he was kicked out of Indiana's Valparaiso university for "slugging a professor." He also participated and organized several illegal boxing matches. At this point, young Erle eventually decided that a little knowledge of the law might come in handy, so he landed a gig as a typist at an Oxnard, California law firm. He stuck around, picking up what legal knowledge he could, and three years later, without any formal training, he passed the bar in 1911, and began to practise law himself. The fledgling lawyer soon found himself gaining a rep among the Chinese and Mexican communities, with whom he developed some long-standing friendships. (To his credit, characters from these communities who appeared in his fiction were not the usual stereotypical villains so popular at the time, but actually appeared as real people, or at least as real as any of Gardner's characters ever were. Let's just say in-depth characterization wasn't his strong suit.)

Always on the eye to increase his income, Gardner abandoned the law for a short stint, working as a tire salesman, but soon realized he missed the law and returned, this time signing on with a Ventura, Californuia firm. About this time, he also began to write, forcing himself to churn out four thousand words a night. It took two years, but he made his first sale to the pulps. It wouldn't be the last.

The fact is, before he'd even written a single novel, Gardner was one of America's most successful writers. He was truly the king of the pulps, writing millions and millions of words, cranking out a steady barrage of characters in everything from Black Mask to Argosy. Most of his stories dealt with one side or the other of the law (and often, both). A contemporary of Carroll John Daly and Dashiell Hammett, Gardner had the longest run of any author in Black Mask, and wrote more stories for the magazine (more than a few under pseudonyms) than any other author. In fact, he probably created more characters, particularly continuing characters, for the magazine than any one else. Asked once why he wrote, Gardner confessed that "I write to make money, and I write to give the reader sheer fun." He succeeded on both counts. He favoured action and dialogue over characterization or overly-complicated plots, and tended to stress "speed, situation and suspense." It was just what the pulps wanted.

And although his greatesr creation, Mason , never appeared in its pages, in the early 1930s Black Mask published a string of six short stories starring crusading defense lawyer Ken Corning who fought against injustice in a corrupt city. In many ways, Corning served as a rough template for Mason.

He created at least three dozen characters for the pulps alone. Here they are, and the pulps they mostly appeared in:

Gardner wrote for all kinds of pulps, not just Black Mask and Argosy, but also Clues, All Detective, Dime Detective, Detective Story, Dime Detective, Detective Action Stories, Double Detective, This Week, Detective Fiction Weekly, West and some other cowboy pulps). He also wrote for slicks such as Country Gentleman, Cosmopolitan and The Saturday Evening Post.

The last year that he wrote exclusively for the pulps, 1932, saw Gardner earning around 20,000 bucks, and that's at a few cents a word! Maybe not a fortune these days, but this was the Depression. To put it in perspective, those are Stephen King-like numbers.

In his pulp days, Gardner was notorious for killing off the final heavies with the last bullet in the hero's gun, which led to some editors teasing him about how all his good guys seemed to be such bad shots. Gardner's alleged explanation? "At three cents a word, every time I say 'Bang' in the story I get three cents. If you think I'm going to finish the gun battle while my hero still has fifteen cents worth of unexploded ammunition in his gun, you're nuts."

In 1933, Gardner unleashed his first novel, The Case of the Velvet Claws, which introduced hard-boiled attorney Perry Mason. But Gardner gradually softened the character, mostly to make him more palatable to the editors of Saturday Evening Post, a market he was eager to crack. From the early fifties on, many of the Mason novels were serialized or excerpted in the Post prior to book publication, a fact that no doubt contributed to the series success, though successful movies, radio shows, comic strips and a hit TV show certainly played their part as well.

The Mason series proved even more popular than his short fiction. So Gardner started to write novels. But Gardner, workaholic that he was, continued with his short fiction. Besides the long-running Mason seres, he wrote a series of novels featurng the memorably mismatched private eye team of Bertha Cool and Donald Lam, as well as novels featuring Doug Selby (District Attorney) and Sherriff Bill Eldon. Around this time, to keep up with demand, Garner chucked his typewriter for a bevy of six secretaries. He subsequently dictated everything!

NOTE: This bio and bibliography is very much a mere work in progress, so feel free to contribute any comments or additions you have. They'll be more than welcome.

UNDER OATH

SHORT STORIES

NOVELS

COLLECTIONS

FILM

RADIO

COMIC BOOKS

COMIC STRIP

TELEVISION

REFERENCE BOOKS

RELATED LINKS

Respectfully submitted by Kevin Burton Smith. Radio info by Jack French. And thanks to Ed Collins, Monte Herridge and Jim Doherty for some help here.


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