Authors and Creators
Erle Stanley Gardner
(1889-1970)
Also wrote as A.A. Fair, Carleton Kendrake, Charles J. Kenney,
Charles M. Green
Although many critics felt
that Erle Stanley Gardner was not a very good novelist
(Rex Stout, for example, once claimed that the Perry Mason books
weren't even novels!), Gardner was one of the best selling writers
of all times, and certainly one of the best-selling mystery authors
ever. He was best known for creating the world's most famous fictional
lawyer, Perry Mason. If that
were all he ever did, he'd probably still rank a bio on this site,
given that Mason, in his earliest books, was little more than
a private eye licensed to practise law. But he did more, much
more...
Gardner was born in Massachusetts, but his father's job as
a mining engineer took the family all over--sometimes as far as
the Klondike. A bit of a roughneck as a lad, he was constantly
getting into brawls. He once boasted he was kicked out of Indiana's
Valparaiso university for "slugging a professor." He
also participated and organized several illegal boxing matches.
At this point, young Erle eventually decided that a little knowledge
of the law might come in handy, so he landed a gig as a typist
at an Oxnard, California law firm. He stuck around, picking up
what legal knowledge he could, and three years later, without
any formal training, he passed the bar in 1911, and began to practise
law himself. The fledgling lawyer soon found himself gaining a
rep among the Chinese and Mexican communities, with whom he developed
some long-standing friendships. (To his credit, characters from
these communities who appeared in his fiction were not the usual
stereotypical villains so popular at the time, but actually appeared
as real people, or at least as real as any of Gardner's characters
ever were. Let's just say in-depth characterization wasn't his
strong suit.)
Always on the eye to increase his income, Gardner abandoned
the law for a short stint, working as a tire salesman, but soon
realized he missed the law and returned, this time signing on
with a Ventura, Californuia firm. About this time, he also began
to write, forcing himself to churn out four thousand words a night.
It took two years, but he made his first sale to the pulps. It
wouldn't be the last.
The fact is, before he'd even written a single novel, Gardner
was one of America's most successful writers. He was truly the
king of the pulps, writing millions and millions of words, cranking
out a steady barrage of characters in everything from Black
Mask to Argosy. Most of his stories dealt with one
side or the other of the law (and often, both). A contemporary
of Carroll John Daly and Dashiell
Hammett, Gardner had the longest run of any author in
Black Mask, and wrote more stories for the magazine (more than
a few under pseudonyms) than any other author. In fact, he probably
created more characters, particularly continuing characters, for
the magazine than any one else. Asked once why he wrote, Gardner
confessed that "I write to make money, and I write to give
the reader sheer fun." He succeeded on both counts. He favoured
action and dialogue over characterization or overly-complicated
plots, and tended to stress "speed, situation and suspense."
It was just what the pulps wanted.
And although his greatesr creation, Mason , never appeared
in its pages, in the early 1930s Black Mask published a string
of six short stories starring crusading defense lawyer Ken Corning who fought against
injustice in a corrupt city. In many ways, Corning served as a
rough template for Mason.
He created at least three dozen characters for the pulps alone.
Here they are, and the pulps they mostly appeared in:
- Sheriff Billy Bales (Clues)
- Jerry Bane (another name for Paul
Pry; Argosy)
- Dave Barker
- Black Barr (Western gunslinger/detective, AKA "Fate's
Executioner)
- Dred Bart
- Dudley Bell (All Detective)
- Bob Crowder
- Dick Bentley (Dime Detective)
- Jax Bowman (Argosy)
- Major Copley Brane (Argosy; a freelance diplomat)
- Perry Burke (Clues)
- Ken Corning (slick attorney
who predated Mason; Black Mask)
- Bob Crowder (All Detective)
- Speed Dash, The Human Fly
- Senor Arnaz de Lobo (soldier of fortune)
- Double Decker (Detective Story)
- Fong Dei
- Go Get 'Em Garver (Dime Detective)
- Hard Rock Hogan
- Ed Jenkins (con artist/thief,
Black Mask)
- Rex Kane (Detective Action Stories)
- Jax Keen (Double Detective)
- Barney Killigen (Clues)
- Bob Larkin (adventurer-at-large and amateur juggler, whose
only weapon is a pool cue)
- Win Layton (This Week)
- Lester Leith (gentleman con artist/thief, has his own butler,
a "jauntyfigure of assured indifference.")
- Señor Lobo (Detective Fiction Weekly)
- The Man in the Silver Mask (Detective Fiction Weekly)
- The Man Who Couldn't Forget, Mr. Manse (Detective Action
Stories)
- Fish Mouth McGinnis
- Ed Migraine, the Headache
- Sam Moraine (written under the pseudonym of Charles Kenny)
- The Patent Leather Kid
- Old Walrus (West and some other cowboy pulps)
- El Paisano (he can see in the dark; Argosy)
- The Patent Leather Kid (mostly Detective Fiction Weekly)
- Paul Pry (con artist)
- Steve Raney (Clues)
- Rapp
- Buck Riley
- Snowy Shane (an unorthodox P.I.)
- Dane Skarle
- Small, Weston & Burke (or is it Smith, Weston & Burke?
Dime Detective)
- Pete Wennick (Black Mask)
- Whispering Sands
- Slicker Williams (an ex-convict who uses the tricks of crookery
to rescue a damsel in distress)
- Yee Dooey Wah
- Sidney Zoom (millionaire adventurer and his police dog; Detective Fiction Weekly)
Gardner wrote for all kinds of pulps, not just Black Mask
and Argosy, but also Clues, All Detective,
Dime Detective, Detective Story, Dime Detective,
Detective Action Stories, Double Detective, This
Week, Detective Fiction Weekly, West and some other
cowboy pulps). He also wrote for slicks such as Country Gentleman,
Cosmopolitan and The Saturday Evening Post.
The last year that he wrote exclusively for the pulps, 1932,
saw Gardner earning around 20,000 bucks, and that's at a few cents
a word! Maybe not a fortune these days, but this was the Depression.
To put it in perspective, those are Stephen King-like numbers.
In his pulp days, Gardner was notorious for killing off the
final heavies with the last bullet in the hero's gun, which led
to some editors teasing him about how all his good guys seemed
to be such bad shots. Gardner's alleged explanation? "At
three cents a word, every time I say 'Bang' in the story I get
three cents. If you think I'm going to finish the gun battle while
my hero still has fifteen cents worth of unexploded ammunition
in his gun, you're nuts."
In 1933, Gardner unleashed his first novel, The Case of
the Velvet Claws, which introduced hard-boiled attorney Perry
Mason. But Gardner gradually softened the character, mostly
to make him more palatable to the editors of Saturday Evening
Post, a market he was eager to crack. From the early fifties
on, many of the Mason novels were serialized or excerpted in the
Post prior to book publication, a fact that no doubt contributed
to the series success, though successful movies, radio shows,
comic strips and a hit TV show certainly played their part as
well.
The Mason series proved even more popular than his short fiction.
So Gardner started to write novels. But Gardner, workaholic that
he was, continued with his short fiction. Besides the long-running
Mason seres, he wrote a series of novels featurng the memorably
mismatched private eye team of Bertha
Cool and Donald Lam, as well as novels featuring Doug
Selby (District Attorney) and Sherriff Bill Eldon.
Around this time, to keep up with demand, Garner chucked his typewriter
for a bevy of six secretaries. He subsequently dictated everything!
NOTE: This bio
and bibliography is very much a mere work in progress, so feel
free to contribute any comments or additions you have. They'll
be more than welcome.
UNDER OATH
- "The popularity of Mason overshadows his other creations
and that's a shame in many ways. Don't get me wrong. I am a
sucker for the Mason novels. I just finished The Case of the
Terrified Typist (1955) and could not stand any interruption
as I neared the conclusion. Whatever his faults, Gardner is a
master of pace and I find him compulsively readable....
.
Even if Gardner had not created Perry Mason, he would be considered
a giant of the Black Mask "school" of writing. In fact,
I think the bland, watered down last decade of Perry Masons did
considerable damage to the writer's reputation."
(Richard Moore)
.
SHORT STORIES
- "The Shrieking Skeleton" (December 15, 1923, Black
Mask; as Charles M. Green)
- "The Serpent's Coils" (January 1, 1934, Black Mask;
as Green)
- "The Verdict" (February 1, 1934, Black Mask; as
Green)
- "A Fair Trial" (June 1924, Black Mask; no byline)
- "Accomodatin' a Lady" (September 1924, Black Mask;
Bob Larkin)
- "Without No Reindeer" (December 1924, Black Mask;
Bob Larkin)
- "Beyond the Law" (September 1925; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Hard As Nails" (March 1925,; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Painless Extraction" May 1925, Black Mask; Bob
Larkin)
- "Not So Darn Bad" (June 1925; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Three O'Clock in the Morning" (July 1925; Ed Jenkins)
- "Ham, Eggs and Coffee" (August 1925, Black Mask;
Bob Larkin)
- "The Girl Goes With Me" (November 1925, Black Mask;
Black Barr)
- "The Triple Cross" (December 1925; Ed
Jenkins)
- "According to Law" (January 1926; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Goin' Into Action" (February 1926, Black Mask;
Bob Larkin)
- "Register Rage" (April 1926; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Thisissosudden!" (May 1926; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Forget 'em All" (June 1926; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Laugh That Off" (September 1926; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Buzzard Bait" (October 1926, Black Mask; Black
Barr)
- "Money, Marble and Chalk" (November 1926, Black
Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Dead Men's Letters" (December 1926, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Whispering Sand" (January 1927, Black Mask; Black
Barr)
- "The Cat-Woman" (February 1927; Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "This Way Out" " (March 1927; Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Come and Get It" " (April 1927; Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "In Full of Account" (May 1927; Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Where the Buzzards Circle" (September 1927, Black
Mask; Black Barr)
- "The Wax Dragon" (November 1927, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Grinning Gods" (December 1927, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Yellow Shadows" (February 1928, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Whispering Feet" (March 1928, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Snow Bird" (April 1928, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Out of the Shadows" (May 1928, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Fangs of Fate" (August 1928, Black Mask; Black
Barr)
- "The Devil's Deputy" (September 1928, Black Mask;
Black Barr)
- "Curse of the Killers" (November 1928, Black Mask;
Black Barr)
- "Thec Next Stiff" (December 1928, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "One Crook to Another" (January 1929, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Bracelets for Two" (February 1929, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Hooking the Crooks" (March 1929, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "No Questions Asked" (April 1929, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Scum of the Border" June 1929, Black Mask; Bob
Larkin)
- "All the Way" (July 1929, Black Mask; Bob Larkin)
- "Spawn of the Night" (August 1929, Black Mask;
Bob Larkin)
- "Hanging Friday" (September 1929, Black Mask; Bob
Larkin)
- "Straight from the Shoulder" (October 1929, Black
Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Brass Tacks" (November 1929, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Triple Treachery" (December 1929, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Double or Quits" (January 1930, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "The Crime Crusher" (May 1930, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Hell's Kettle" (June 1930, Black Mask; also 1985,
The Black Mask Boys; Ed Jenkins)
- "Big Shot" (July 1930, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "The Valley of Little Fears" (September 3, 1930,
Argosy Weekly)
"The Crime Juggler" (October 1930, Gang World; Paul
Pry)
- "The Racket Buster" (November1930, Gang World;
Paul Pry)
- "In Round Figures" (1930, Detective Fiction Weekly;
Lester Leith)
- "The Daisy-Pusher" (December 1930 , Gang World;
Paul Pry)
- "Wiker Gets the Works" (January 1931, Gang World;
Paul Pry)
- "A Double Deal in Diamonds" (February 1931, Gang
World; Paul Pry)
- "Hot Cash"(May 23, 1931, Detective Fiction Weekly;
Lester Leith)
- "Slick and Clean" (April 1931, Gang World; Paul
Pry)
- "Tommy Talk" (July 1931, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Hairy Hands" (August 1931, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Promise to Pay" (September 1931, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "The Hot Squat" (October 1931, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Strictly Personal" (December 1931, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Face Up" (January 1932, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Feet First" (March 1932, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Straight Crooks" (April 1932, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Under the Guns" (May 1932, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Crooking Crooks" (June 1932, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Hell's Danger Signal" (June 1932, Blue Steel Magazine;
Paul Pry)
- "Rough Stuff" (July 1932, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Black and White" (September 1932, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "On Two Feet" (October 1932, Black Mask; Bob Larkin)
- "Honest Money" (November 1932, Black Mask; Ken Corning)
- "The Top Comes Off" (December 1932, Black Mask;
Ken Corning)
- "The Bird in the Hand" (1932, Detective Fiction
Weekly; Lester Leith)
- "Close Call" (January 1933, Black Mask; Ken
Corning)
- "The Hour of the Rat" (February 1933, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Red Jade" (March 1933, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Chinatown Murder" (April 1933, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "The Weapons of a Crook" (May 1933, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Making the Breaks" (June 1933, Black Mask; Ken Corning)
- "The Hand of Horror" (July 1, 1933, Dime Detective)
- "Devil's Fire" (July 1933, Black Mask; Ken
Corning)
- "Blackmail With Lead" (August 1933, Black Mask;
Ken Corning)
- "Dressed to Kill" (September 1,1933, Dime Detective;
Paul Pry)
- "Whispering Justice" (September 1933, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "The Murder Push (October 1933, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "The Cross-Stitch Killer" (November 15, 1933, Dime
Detective; Paul Pry)
- "Dead Men's Shoes" (December 1933, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Time for Murder" (1933; also 2004 The
Danger Zone and Other Stories)
- "A Guest of the House" (January 1934, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Cop Killers" (March 1934, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "New Twenties" (April 1934, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "The Kid Clips a Coupon" (April 21, 1934, Detective
Fiction Weekly)
- "Burnt Fingers" (June 1934, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "The Heavenly Rat" (September 1934, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "Hot Cash" (November 1934, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "The Case of the Howling Dog" (1934; also by Perry
Mason)
- "Winged Lead" (January 1935, Black Mask; Black
Barr)
- "A Chance to Cheat" May 1935, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Crash and Carry" (October 1935, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Above the Law" (December 1935, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Beating the Bulls" (May 1936, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "This Way Out" (March 1937, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Among Thieves" (September 1937, Black Mask; Pete
Wennick)
- "Leg Man" (February 1938, Black Mask; Pete Wennick)
- "Muscle Out" (April 1938, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Take It or Leave It" (March 1939, Black Mask;
Pete Wennick)
- "Dark Alleys" (September 1939, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "A Thousand to One" (1939, Detective Fiction Weekly;
Lester Leith)
- "Lester Leith, Magician" (1939, Detective Fiction
Weekly; AKA "The Hand is Quicker Than the Eye" Lester
Leith)
- "Tong Trouble" (June 1940, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "Jade Sanctuary" (December 1940, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "The Chinese People" (May 1941, Black Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "Rain Check" (December 1941, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "The Exact Opposite" (1941, Detective Fiction Weekly;
Lester Leith)
- "Two Dead Hands" (April 1942, Black Mask; Ed
Jenkins)
- "The Incredible Mr. Smith" (March 1943, Black Mask;
Ed Jenkins)
- "The Gong of Vengeance" (September 1943, Black
Mask; Ed Jenkins)
- "The Clue of the Hungry Horse" (February 1947,
The Country Gentleman; Sheriff Bill Eldon)
- "The Clue of the Screaming Woman" (January 1949,
The Country Gentleman)
- "The Affair of the Reluctant Witness" (1949; also
March 25, EQMM)
- "Flight Into Disaster" (May 11, 1952, This Week
May; AKA "Only by Running")
- "The Case of the Irate Witness" (January 17, 1953,
Colliers; Perry Mason)
- "Danger Out of the Past" (May 1955, Manhunt; AKA
"Protection")
- "Escape to Danger" (1960)
- "The Blonde in Lower Six" (September 1961, Argosy;
Ed Jenkins)
.
- Undated
- "The Case of the Crimson Kiss" (Perry
Mason)
- "The Case of the Crying Swallow" (Perry
Mason)
- "The Candy Kid" (Lester Leith)
- "The Jeweled Bride"
NOVELS
COLLECTIONS
- Over the Hump (1945)
- Two Clues (1947)
- The Case of the Murderer's Bride and Other Stories (1969;
Edited by Ellery Queen, AKA Ellery Queen Presents #1)
- The Case of the Crimson Kiss, A Perry Mason Novelette and
Other Stories. (1970)
- The Case of the Crying Swallow, A Perry Mason Novelette and
Other Stories (1971)
- The Case of the Irate Witness, A Perry Mason Mystery and
Other Stories (1972)
- The Amazing Adventures of Lester Leith (1980; edited by Ellery
Queen, AKA Ellery Queen Presents #8)
- The Bird in the Hand and Four Other Stories (1980)
- Four Cases of Murder (1989; comic strips, Perry
Mason)
- The Adventures of Paul Pry (1990)
- Dead Mens Letter's (1990; Ed
Jenkins)
- The Blonde in Lower Six (1990, Ed
Jenkins)
- Honest Money and Other Short Novels (1991, Ken Corning)
- The Danger Zone and Other Stories
(2004) ...Buy
this book
- The Casebook of Sidney Zoom (2006; edited and introduced by Bill
Pronzini) ...Buy
this book
FILM
- THE CASE OF THE
HOWLING DOG
(1934, Warner Brothers)
Based on the novel by Erle
Stanley Gardner
Directed by Alan Crosland
Starring Warren William as PERRY MASON
with Helen Trenholm as Della
.
- THE CASE OF THE
CURIOUS BRIDE
(1935, Warner Brothers)
Based on the novel by Erle
Stanley Gardner
Directed by Michael Curtiz
Starring Warren William as
PERRY MASON
with Claire Dodds as Della
.
- THE CASE OF THE
LUCKY LEGS
(1935, Warner Brothers)
Based on the novel by Erle
Stanley Gardner
Directed by Archie L. Mayo
Starring Warren William as
PERRY MASON
with Genevieve Tobin as Della
.
- THE CASE OF THE
VELVET CLAWS
(1936, Warner Brothers)
Based on the novel by Erle
Stanley Gardner
Directed by William Clemens
Starring Warren William as
PERRY MASON
with Claire Dodds as Della
.
- THE CASE OF THE
BLACK CAT
(1936, Warner Brothers)
Based on the novel "The
Case of the Caretaker's Cat" by Erle Stanley Gardner
Directed by William McGann
Starring Richard Cortez as
PERRY MASON
with June Travis as Della
.
- THE CASE OF THE
STUTTERING BISHOP
(1937, Warner Brothers)
Based on the novel by Erle
Stanley Gardner
Directed by William Clemens
Starring Donald Woods as
PERRY MASON.
RADIO
- PERRY MASON
(AKA The New Adventures of Perry Mason)
(1943-1955, CBS)
Based on characters created
by Erle Stanley Gardner
Starring Barlett Robinson
as PERRY MASON
(also played by Santos Ortega, Donald Biggs, and John Larkin)
.
- CHRISTOPHER
LONDON
(1950, NBC)
Based on characters created
by Erle Stanley Gardner
Starring Glenn Ford as CHRISTOPHER
LONDON
COMIC BOOKS
COMIC STRIP
- PERRY MASON
(October 16, 1950-June 21, 1952, Universal Syndicate)
Based on characters created
by Erle Stanley Gardner
Written by: Erle Stanley Gardner? (it's possible -- he liked to keep a hand in things)
TELEVISION
- PERRY MASON
(1957-1966, CBS)
Based on characters created
by Erle Stanley Gardner
Starring Raymond Burr as
PERRY MASON
.
- PERRY MASON
AKA The New Adventures of Perry Mason
(1973-1974, CBS)
Based on characters created
by Erle Stanley Gardner
Starring Monte Markham as
PERRY MASON
REFERENCE BOOKS
- Fugate, Francis L. and Roberta B.,
Secrets of the World's Best-Selling Writer: The Storytelling
Techniques of Erle Stanley Gardner
New York, New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1980....Buy
this book
Using the mountain of personal papers, journals,
notebooks and scraps of paper, coctail napkins, matchbook covers
and Lord knows what else that Erle Stanley Gardner left behind,
the authors try to explain his phenomenal success. A fascinating
insight to the man, but I'm not sure how practical the advice
is for writers. Still, it's well worth reading.
.
- Hughes, Dorothy,
The Case of the Real Perry Mason
New York: William Morrow & Company.. Buy
this book
One great mystery writer's nod to another.
RELATED LINKS
- Erlestanleygardner.com
It bills itself as "the Official Web site of Ventura, California's most famous son, author of Perry Mason and Champion of Human Rights" but it's essentially a plug for the Gardner Museum in Ventura and a solicitation for funds to keep the site going.
- The Gooseberry Lay
An excerpt from Erle Stanley Gardner's article "Getting
Away with Murder," which talks about Hammett's use of"gunsel,"
"gooseberry lay" and so on. Part of the Rara-Avis site.
Respectfully submitted by Kevin
Burton Smith. Radio info by Jack
French. And thanks to Ed Collins, Monte
Herridge and Jim
Doherty for some help here.
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